Effect of the Resonator Settling Behaviour on SC Band-Pass Modulator Performance and Carrier Frequency Error Measurement

The impact of the settling behaviour of operational amplifiers (op-amps) used to implement switched-capacitor resonators on band-pass sigma-delta (BP) modulator performance is investigated. Behavioural simulations of a second-order BPmodulator are performed by means of numerical models which allow the designer to well-describe high-order dynamics occurring in real op-amp circuit implementations. The results show that high-order poles and zeros in the resonator frequency response affect significantly the overall BP modulator performances. In the paper, the effects of the resonator settling behaviour on the dynamic parameters and the carrier frequency error measurement for a Single Quantizer Loop (SQL) BPAnalog to Digital Converter architecture are also investigated.